Muramyl dipeptide activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 protects mice from experimental colitis

Muramyl dipeptide activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 protects mice from experimental colitis.

The mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of individuals with caspase recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) mutations and corresponding abnormalities of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) protein to Crohn disease are still poorly understood. One possibility is based on previous studies showing that muramyl dipeptide (MDP) activation of NOD2 negatively regulates TLR2 responses and th...

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 signaling promotes hyperresponsive macrophages and colitis in IL-10-deficient mice.

IL-10 contributes to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via the regulation of inflammatory responses to enteric bacteria. Loss of IL-10 signaling results in spontaneous colitis in mice and early onset enterocolitis in humans. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) 2 is an intracellular receptor of bacterial peptidoglycan products, and, although NOD2 mutations are associated with...

Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain

Pathogen Sensing by Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain-containing Protein 2 (NOD2) Is Mediated by Direct Binding to Muramyl Dipeptide and ATP*

Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2/Card15) is an intracellular protein that is involved in the recognition of bacterial cell wall-derived muramyl dipeptide. Mutations in the gene encoding NOD2 are associated with inherited inflammatory disorders, including Crohn disease and Blau syndrome. NOD2 is a member of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich re...

Muramyl dipeptide

T robust expression of microbial pattern recognition receptors such as TLR4 and Nod2 in intestinal stem cells reflects an active communication dynamic between the host and the gut microbiota. A new study reveals that muramyl dipeptide, the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan motif, activates Nod2 within crypt base columnar Lgr5positive stem cells and promotes their survival. Apart from the immedi...